fig·ure ( f¹g"y…r) n. Abbr. fig. 1. a. A written or printed symbol representing something other than a letter, especially a number. b. figures Mathematical calculations: good at figures. c. An amount represented in numbers: sold for a large figure. 2. a. Mathematics A geometric form consisting of any combination of points, lines, or planes: A triangle is a plane figure. b. The outline, form, or silhouette of a thing. c. The shape or form of a human body. d. An indistinct object or shape: saw figures dashing down the street. 3. a. A person, especially a well-known one: a famous historical figure. b. A person's public image or presence: became a tragic figure overnight. 4. Impression or appearance made: cuts a dashing figure. 5. A person, an animal, or an object that symbolizes something. 6. A pictorial or sculptural representation, especially of the human body. 7. a. A diagram. b. A design or pattern, as in a textile: silk with a paisley figure. 8. An illustration printed from an engraved plate or block. 9. a. A configuration or distinct group of steps in a dance. b. A pattern traced by a series of movements, as in ice skating. 10. Music A brief melodic or harmonic unit often constituting the base for a larger phrase or structure. 11. Logic Any one of the forms that a syllogism can take, depending on the position of the middle term. v. fig·ured fig·ur·ing fig·ures v. tr. 1. Mathematics To calculate with numbers. 2. To make a likeness of; depict. 3. To adorn with a design or figures. 4. Music To indicate the chordal structure of (a bass line of single notes) with a sequence of conventionalized numbers. 5. Informal a. To conclude, believe, or predict: I never figured that this would happen. b. To consider or regard: figured them as con artists. v. intr. 1. Mathematics To calculate; compute. 2. a. To be or seem important or prominent. b. To be pertinent or involved: politicians who figured in the scandal. 3. Informal To seem reasonable or expected: It figures.

Phrasal Verbs: figure in 1. To include, as in making an account: figured in travel expenses. figure on Informal 1. To depend on: We figured on your support. 2. To take into consideration; expect: I figured on an hour's delay. 3. To plan: We figure on leaving at noon. figure out Informal 1. To discover or decide: Let's figure out a way to help. 2. To solve or decipher: Can you figure out this puzzle? [Middle English from Old French from Latin fig¿ra;See dheigh- in Indo-European Roots.] fig "ur·er n.

Synonyms: figure design device motif pattern The central meaning shared by these nouns is " an element or a component in a decorative composition ": a tapestry with a floral figure; a rug with a geometric design; a brooch with a fanciful and intricate device; a scarf with a heart motif; fabric with a plaid pattern. calculate form

suf·fice ( s…-fºs") v. suf·ficed suf·fic·ing suf·fic·es v. intr. 1. To meet present needs or requirements; be sufficient: These rations will suffice until next week. 2. To be equal to a specified task; be capable: No words will suffice to convey my grief. v. tr. 1. To satisfy the needs or requirements of; be enough for. [Middle English suffisen from Old French suffire suffis-from Latin sufficere sub- sub- facere to make; See dh ¶- in Indo-European Roots.] suf·fic "er n.

dh ¶-. Important derivatives are: do 1 deed doom -dom deem fact factor fashion feat 1 feature affair affect 1 affection amplify benefit defeat defect effect efficient infect justify modify notify perfect profit qualify sacrifice face surface difficulty thesis theme To set, put. I. Contracted from *dhe …-. 1. O-grade form *dh ½-. DO 1 ; FORDO , from Old English d ½n, to do, from Germanic *d ½n. 2. Suffixed form *dh ¶-ti-, " thing laid down or done, law, deed. " DEED , from Old English d Æd, doing, deed, from Germanic *d ¶diz. 3. Suffixed o-grade form *dh ½-mo-. a. DOOM , from Old English d ½m, judgment ( < " thing set or put down "); b. -DOM , from Old English -d ½m, abstract suffix indicating state, condition, or power; c. (see k ³-) Old Norse -d ½mr, condition; d. DUMA , from Russian Duma , Duma, from a Germanic source akin to Gothic d ½ms, judgment; e. DEEM , from Old English d ¶man, to judge, from Germanic denominative d ½mjan. a, b, c, d, and e all from Germanic d ½maz. 4. Suffixed o-grade form *dh ½-t-. (see sak- ) Latin sacerd ½s, priest, " performer of sacred rites. " 5. Zero-grade form *dh …-. a. prefixed form *kom-dh …-. ABSCOND , INCONDITE , RECONDITE , SCONCE 2 , from Latin condere , to put together, establish, preserve ( *kom , together; see kom ); b. prefixed and suffixed form *kom-dh( …)-yo-. CONDIMENT , from Latin cond ºre, to season, flavor; c. compound *kred-dh …-. (see kerd- ) 6. Suffixed zero-grade form dh …-k-. a. -FACIENT , FACT , FACTION 1 , -FACTION , FACTITIOUS , FACTITIVE , FACTOR , FASHION , FEASIBLE , FEAT 1 , FEATURE , ( FETISH ), -FIC , ( -FY ), HACIENDA ; AFFAIR , AFFECT 1 , ( AFFECT 2 ), ( AFFECTION ), ( AMPLIFY ), ARTIFACT , ARTIFICE , ( BEATIFIC ), BENEFACTION , ( BENEFIC ), ( BENEFICE ), ( BENEFICENCE ), ( BENEFIT ), CHAFE , COMFIT , CONFECT , ( CONFETTI ), COUNTERFEIT , ( DEFEASANCE ), DEFEAT , DEFECT , ( DEFICIENT ), ( DISCOMFIT ), ( EDIFICE ), ( EDIFY ), EFFECT , ( EFFICACIOUS ), ( EFFICIENT ), FACSIMILE , FACTOTUM , FORFEIT , INFECT , ( JUSTIFY ), MALEFACTOR , ( MALFEASANCE ), MANUFACTURE , MISFEASANCE , ( MODIFY ), ( MOLLIFY ), ( NIDIFY ), ( NOTIFY ), ( NULLIFY ), OFFICINAL , ORIFICE , PERFECT , ( PETRIFY ), ( PLUPERFECT ), PONTIFEX , PREFECT , ( PROFICIENT ), PROFIT , PUTREFY , ( QUALIFY ), RAREFY , ( RECTIFY ), REFECT , ( REFECTORY ), RUBEFACIENT , SACRIFICE , SATISFY , SPINIFEX , SUFFICE , ( SUFFICIENT ), SURFEIT , TUBIFEX , TUMEFACIENT , ( VIVIFY ), from Latin facere ( < *fak-yo- ), to do, make, and Latin combining form -fex ( < *-fak-s ), " maker"; b. FAçADE , FACE , ( FACET ), ( FACIAL ), FACIES ; ( DEFACE ), EFFACE , ( SURFACE ), from Latin derivative faci ¶s, shape, face ( < " form imposed on something "); c. OFFICE , from Latin compound officium ( < *opi-fici-om ), service, duty, business, performance of work ( *opi- , work; see op- ); d. further suffixed form *dh …-k-li-. FACILE , ( FACILITATE ), FACULTY , DIFFICULTY , from Latin facilis ( < Old Latin facul ), feasible, easy. 7. Suffixed zero-grade form *dh …-s- (probably identical with zero-grade of dh ¶s-). NEFARIOUS , from Latin f ³s, divine law, right. 8. MULTIFARIOUS , OMNIFARIOUS , from Latin -f ³riam, adverbial suffix, as in bif ³riam, in two places, parts, double, from *dwi-dh( …)-, " making two " ( *dwi- , two; see dwo- ). 9. Reduplicated form *dhi-dh …-. THESIS , THETIC ; ANATHEMA , ANTITHESIS , DIATHESIS , EPENTHESIS , EPITHET , HYPOTHESIS , METATHESIS , PARENTHESIS , PROSTHESIS , PROTHESIS , SYNTHESIS , from Greek tithenai , to put, with zero-grade noun thesis ( *dh …-ti-), a placing, and verbal adjective thetos ( *dh …-to-), placed. 10. Suffixed form *dh ¶-k-. THECA , TICK 3 ; AMPHITHECIUM , APOTHECARY , ( APOTHECIUM ), BIBLIOTHECA , ( BODEGA ), ( BOUTIQUE ), CLEISTOTHECIUM , ENDOTHECIUM , PERITHECIUM , from Greek th ¶k¶, receptacle. 11. Suffixed zero-grade form *dh …-mö. ( THEMATIC ), THEME , from Greek thema , " thing placed, " proposition. 12. Reduplicated form *dhe-dh ¶-. SANDHI , from Sanskrit dadh ³ti, he places. 13. Basic form *dh ¶-. PURDAH , from Old Persian d ³-, to place. 14. Suffixed form *dh ¶-to-, set down, created. (see s(w)e- ) Old Iranian compound *khvat ½-d³ta-, created from oneself. 15. Reduced form *dh- . (see au- ) [ Pokorny 2. dh ¶- 235. ]

size 1 ( sºz) n. 1. The physical dimensions, proportions, magnitude, or extent of an object. 2. Any of a series of graduated categories of dimension whereby manufactured articles, such as shoes and clothing, are classified. 3. a. Considerable extent, amount, or dimensions: a debt of enormous size. b. Relative amount or number, as of population or contents: What size is Cleveland? 4. Character, value, or status with reference to relative importance or the capacity to meet given requirements: Try this proposal on for size. 5. The actual state of affairs: That's about the size of the situation. v. tr. sized siz·ing siz·es 1. To arrange, classify, or distribute according to size. 2. To make, cut, or shape to a required size. adj. 1. Sized. Often used in combination: bite-size appetizers; an economy-size package.

Phrasal Verbs: size up 1. To make an estimate, an opinion, a judgment of: She sized up her opponent. [Middle English sise from Old French court session, law short for assise; See assize ] siz "er n.

size 2 ( sºz) n. 1. Any of several gelatinous or glutinous substances usually made from glue, wax, or clay and used as a glaze or filler for porous materials such as paper, cloth, or wall surfaces. v. tr. sized siz·ing siz·es 1. To treat or coat with size or a similar substance. [Middle English sise probably from Old French a setting; See size 1 ]

rouge ( r›zh) n. 1. A red or pink cosmetic for coloring the cheeks or lips. 2. A reddish powder, chiefly ferric oxide, used to polish metals or glass. v. rouged roug·ing roug·es v. tr. 1. To put rouge onto: rouged her cheeks. 2. To color as if with a facial cosmetic: " Their job is to rouge up the war . . . to turn the horror into cheering press releases " Richard Corliss v. intr. 1. To use rouge. [French from Old French red from Latin rubeus; See reudh- in Indo-European Roots.]

reudh- . Important derivatives are: red rufous robust corroborate rambunctious ruddy rust rouge rubeola ruby rubric russet Red, ruddy. I. O-grade form *roudh- . 1. a. RED , from Old English r ¶ad, red; b. RORQUAL , from Old Norse raudhr , red. Both a and b from Germanic *raudaz . 2. ROWAN , from a source akin to Old Norse reynir , mountain ash, rowan (from its red berries), from Germanic *raudnia- . 3. RUFESCENT , RUFOUS , from Latin r ¿fus (of dialectal Italic origin), reddish. 4. RUBIGINOUS , from Latin r ½bus, red. 5. ROBLE , ROBORANT , ROBUST ; CORROBORATE , ( RAMBUNCTIOUS ), from Latin r ½bur, r ½bus, red oak, hardness, and r ½bustus, strong. II. Zero-grade form *rudh- . 1. Form *rudh- ³-. a. RUDDLE , from Old English rudu , red color; b. RUDDOCK , from Old English rudduc , robin; c. RUDDY , from Old English rudig , ruddy. a, b, and c all from Germanic *rud ½. 2. Suffixed form *rudh-sto- . RUST , from Old English r ¿st (also rust ?), rust, from Germanic *rust- . 3. ROUGE , RUBEOLA , RUBY ; RUBEFACIENT , from Latin rubeus , red. 4. RUBICUND , from Latin rubicundus , red, ruddy. 5. RUBIDIUM , from Latin rubidus , red. 6. Suffixed (stative) form *rudh- ¶-. RUBESCENT , from Latin rub ¶re, to be red. 7. Suffixed form *rudh-ro- . a. RUBELLA , RUBRIC ; BILIRUBIN , from Latin ruber , red; b. RUTILANT , from Latin rutilus , reddish; c. ERYTHEMA , ERYTHRO- , from Greek eruthros , red (with prothetic vowel, from oldest root form * …reudh-); d. ERYSIPELAS , from possibly remade Greek erusi- , red, reddening. 8. Suffixed form *rudh-to- . RISSOLE , ROUX , RUSSET , from Latin russus , red. [ Pokorny reudh- 872. ]

rough ( r¾f) adj. rough·er rough·est 1. Having a surface marked by irregularities, protuberances, or ridges; not smooth. 2. Coarse or shaggy to the touch: a rough, scratchy blanket. 3. a. Difficult to travel over or through: the rough terrain of the highlands. b. Characterized by violent motion; turbulent: rough waters. c. Difficult to endure or live through, especially because of harsh or inclement weather: a rough winter. d. Unpleasant or difficult: had a rough time during the exam. 4. a. Boisterous, unruly, uncouth, or rowdy: ran with a rough crowd. b. Lacking polish or finesse: rough manners. 5. Characterized by carelessness or force, as in manipulating: broke the crystal through rough handling. 6. Harsh to the ear: a rough, raspy sound. 7. Being in a natural state: rough diamonds. 8. Not perfected, completed, or fully detailed: a rough drawing; rough carpentry. n. 1. a. Rugged, overgrown terrain. b. Sports The part of a golf course left unmowed and uncultivated. 2. The difficult or disagreeable aspect, part, or side: observed politics in the rough when working as an intern on Capitol Hill. 3. Something in an unfinished or hastily worked-out state. 4. A crude, unmannered person; a rowdy. v. tr. roughed rough·ing roughs 1. a. To treat roughly or with physical violence: roughed up his opponent. b. Sports To treat (an opposing player) with unnecessary roughness during a sport or game: roughed the passer and was ejected from the game. 2. To prepare or indicate in an unfinished form: rough out a house plan. adv. 1. In a rough manner; roughly.

Idioms: rough it 1. To live without the usual comforts and conveniences: roughed it in a small hunting shack. [Middle English from Old English r¿h] rough "er n. rough "ly adv. rough "ness n.

Synonyms: rough harsh jagged rugged scabrous uneven These adjectives apply to what is not smooth but has a coarse, irregular surface. Rough describes something that to the sight or touch has inequalities, as projections or ridges: rough bark; rough, chapped hands; a rough homespun fabric. Something harsh is unpleasantly rough, discordant, or grating: harsh burlap; the harsh cry of a crow. Jagged refers to an edge or a surface with irregular projections and indentations: a jagged piece of glass. Rugged, which often refers to strength or endurance, especially in people, can also apply to land surfaces characterized by irregular, often steep rises and slopes: a rugged, rocky trail; rugged countryside. Scabrous means rough and scaly to the tactile sense: a granular, scabrous spot on his cheek. Uneven describes lines or surfaces of which some parts are not level with others: uneven ground; uneven handwriting. rude

round 1 ( round) adj. Abbr. rd. rnd. 1. a. Being such that every part of the surface or the circumference is equidistant from the center: a round ball. b. Moving in or forming a circle. c. Shaped like a cylinder; cylindrical. d. Rather rounded in shape: the child's round face. e. Full in physique; plump: a round figure. 2. a. Linguistics Formed or articulated with the lips in a rounded shape: a round vowel. b. Full in tone; sonorous. 3. Whole or complete; full: a round dozen. 4. a. Mathematics Expressed or designated as a whole number or integer; not fractional. b. Not exact; approximate: a round estimate. 5. Large; considerable: a round sum of money. 6. Brought to satisfactory conclusion or completion; finished. 7. a. Outspoken; blunt: a round scolding. b. Done with full force; unrestrained: gave me a round thrashing. n. 1. a. Something, such as a circle, disk, globe, or ring, that is round. b. A circle formed of various things. c. Movement around a circle or about an axis. 2. A rung or crossbar, as one on a ladder or chair. 3. A cut of beef from the part of the thigh between the rump and the shank. 4. An assembly of people; a group. 5. A round dance. 6. a. A complete course, succession, or series: a round of parties; a round of negotiations. b. Often rounds A course of customary or prescribed actions, duties, or places: physicians' rounds. 7. A complete range or extent. 8. One drink for each person in a gathering or group: Let me buy the next round. 9. A single outburst, as of applause or cheering. 10. a. A single shot or volley. b. Ammunition for a single shot or volley. 11. A specified number of arrows shot from a specified distance to a target in archery. 12. Sports Games An interval of play that occupies a specified time, constitutes a certain number of plays, or allows each player a turn. 13. Music A composition for two or more voices in which each voice enters at a different time with the same melody. v. round·ed round·ing rounds v. tr. 1. To make round. See note at bend 1 . 2. To encompass; surround. 3. To cause to proceed or move in a circular course. 4. Linguistics To pronounce with rounded lips; labialize. 5. To fill out; make plump. 6. To bring to completion or perfection; finish. 7. Mathematics To express as a round number: The number 1.64 can be rounded to 1.6 or to 2. 8. To make a complete circuit of; go or pass around. 9. To make a turn about or to the other side of: rounded a bend in the road. v. intr. 1. To become round. 2. To take a circular course; complete or partially complete a circuit: racecars rounding into the final lap. 3. To turn about, as on an axis; reverse. 4. To become curved, filled out, or plump. 5. To come to satisfactory completion or perfection. adv. 1. In a circular progression or movement; around. 2. With revolutions: wheels moving round. 3. To a specific place or person: called round for the pastor; sent round for the veterinarian. prep. 1. Around. 2. From the beginning to the end of; throughout: a plant that grows round the year.

Phrasal Verbs: round on 1. To turn on and assail. round up 1. To seek out and bring together; gather. 2. To herd (cattle) together from various places.

Idioms: in the round 1. With the stage in the center of the audience. 2. Fully shaped so as to stand free of a background: a sculpture in the round. make the rounds or go the rounds 1. To go from place to place, as on business or for entertainment: a delivery truck making the rounds; students going the rounds in the entertainment district. 2. To be communicated or passed from person to person: The news quickly made the rounds. A piece of juicy gossip is going the rounds. [Middle English from Anglo-Norman rounde variant of Old French rond ultimately from Vulgar Latin *retundus from Latin rotundus from rota wheel; See ret- in Indo-European Roots.] round "ness n.

round 2 ( round) v. tr. round·ed round·ing rounds Archaic 1. To whisper. [Middle English rounden from Old English r¿nian from r¿n a secret]

ret- . Important derivatives are: Tory rodeo roll rotary rotate rotund roulette round 1 control prune 2 To run, roll. I. 1. Prefixed form *to-wo-ret- , " a running up to " ( to- , to; wo , under, up, up from under; see upo ). TORY , from Old Irish t ½ir, pursuit. 2. Suffixed o-grade form *rot- ³-. RODEO , ROLL , ROTA , ROTARY , ROTATE , ROTUND , ( ROTUNDA ), ROULETTE , ROUND 1 , ROWEL ; BAROUCHE , CONTROL , PRUNE 2 , ROTIFORM , ROTOGRAVURE , from Latin rota , wheel. 3. Suffixed (participial) form *ret-ondo- . ROTUND , from Latin rotundus , round, probably from *retundus , " rolling."[ Pokorny ret(h)- 866. ]

roup ( r›p) n. 1. An infectious disease of poultry and pigeons characterized by inflammation of and mucous discharge from the mouth and eyes. [Origin unknown]

rouse ( rouz) v. roused rous·ing rous·es v. tr. 1. To arouse from slumber, apathy, or depression. 2. To excite, as to anger or action; stir up. See note at provoke . v. intr. 1. To awaken. 2. To become active. n. 1. The act or an instance of arousing. [Middle English rousen to shake the feathers: used of a hawk perhaps from Old French reuser, ruser to repel, push back from Vulgar Latin *rec ¿s³re from Latin to refuse; See recuse ] rous "er n.

roust ( roust) v. tr. roust·ed roust·ing rousts 1. To rout, especially out of bed. [Probably alteration of rouse ]

route ( r›t, rout ) n. Abbr. rte. 1. a. A road, course, or way for travel from one place to another. b. A highway. 2. A customary line of travel. See note at way . 3. A fixed course or territory assigned to a salesperson or delivery person. 4. A means of reaching a goal. v. tr. rout·ed rout·ing routes 1. To send or forward by a specific route. See note at send 1 . 2. To schedule the order of (a sequence of procedures). [Middle English from Old French from Latin rupta (via) broken (road) , feminine past participle of rumpere to break; See rout 1 ]

rout 1 ( rout) n. 1. a. A disorderly retreat or flight following defeat. b. An overwhelming defeat. 2. a. A disorderly crowd of people; a mob. b. People of the lowest class; rabble. 3. A public disturbance; a riot. 4. A company, as of knights or wolves, that are in movement. 5. A fashionable gathering. v. tr. rout·ed rout·ing routs 1. To put to disorderly flight or retreat: " the flock of starlings which Jasper had routed with his gun " Virginia Woolf 2. To defeat overwhelmingly. See note at defeat . [Middle English route from Old French troop, defeat from Vulgar Latin *rupta from feminine of Latin ruptus, past participle of rumpere to break; See reup- in Indo-European Roots.]

rout 2 ( rout) v. rout·ed rout·ing routs v. intr. 1. To dig with the snout; root. 2. To poke around; rummage. v. tr. 1. To expose to view as if by digging; uncover. 2. To hollow, scoop, or gouge out. 3. To drive or force out as if by digging; eject: rout out an informant. 4. Archaic To dig up with the snout. [Variant of root 2 ]

rout 3 ( rout, r ›t) v. intr. rout·ed rout·ing routs Chiefly British 1. To bellow. Used of cattle. [Middle English routen to roar from Old Norse rauta]