mal·ice ( m²l"¹s) n. 1. A desire to harm others or to see others suffer; extreme ill will or spite. 2. Law The intent, without just cause or reason, to commit a wrongful act that will result in harm to another. [Middle English from Old French from Latin malitia from malus bad; See mel- 3 in Indo-European Roots.]

mel- 3 . Important derivatives are: mal- malice malign dismal malady malefactor malevolent Bad. I. MAL- , MALICE , ( MALIGN ); DISMAL , MALADY , MALARIA , MALEDICT , MALEFACTOR , MALEFIC , MALENTENDU , MALEVOLENCE , MALVERSATION , from Latin malus , bad, and male , ill ( > malignus , harmful). [ Pokorny m ¶lo- 724. ]

pro·voke ( pr…-v½k") v. tr. pro·voked pro·vok·ing pro·vokes 1. To incite to anger or resentment. 2. To stir to action or feeling. 3. To give rise to; evoke: provoke laughter. 4. To bring about deliberately; induce: provoke a fight. [Middle English provoken from Old French provoquer from Latin pr½voc³re to challenge pr½- forth; See pro- 1 voc ³re to call; See wek w - in Indo-European Roots.] pro·vok "ing·ly adv.

Synonyms: provoke incite excite stimulate arouse rouse stir These verbs are compared in the sense of moving a person to action or feeling or summoning something into being by moving a person in this way. Provoke, the least explicit with respect to means, frequently does little more than state the consequences produced: " Let my presumption not provoke thy wrath " (Shakespeare). " A situation which in the country would have provoked meetings " (John Galsworthy). To incite is to provoke and urge on: The insurrection was incited by members of the outlawed opposition. Excite especially implies the provoking of a strong reaction or powerful emotion: The play is bound to fail; the plot excites little interest or curiosity. To stimulate is to excite to activity or to renewed vigor of action as if by spurring or goading: " Our vigilance was stimulated by our finding traces of a large . . . encampment " (Francis Parkman). Arouse and rouse suggest awakening, as from inactivity or apathy; rouse, the stronger term, often implies incitement to vigorous or animated activity or excitement of strong emotion: " In a democratic society like ours, relief must come through an aroused popular conscience that sears the conscience of the people's representatives " (Felix Frankfurter). " His mother . . . endeavored to rouse him from this passive state " (Washington Irving). " The oceangoing steamers . . . roused in him wild and painful longings " (Arnold Bennett). To stir is to prompt to activity, to arouse strong but usually agreeable feelings, or to provoke trouble or commotion: " It was him as stirred up th' young woman to preach last night " (George Eliot). " I have seldom been so . . . stirred by any piece of writing " (Mark Twain). " Men blame you that you have stirred a quarrel up " (William Butler Yeats). annoy

wek w -. Important derivatives are: vocal voice vowel equivocal vocation vouch advocate avocation evoke invoke provoke revoke epic To speak. I. 1. O-grade form *w Òk w -. a. VOCAL , VOICE , VOWEL ; EQUIVOCAL , UNIVOCAL , from Latin v ½x (stem v ½c-), voice; b. CALLIOPE , from Greek ops , voice. 2. Suffixed o-grade form *wok w -³-. VOCABLE , VOCATION , VOUCH ; ADVOCATE , AVOCATION , CONVOKE , EVOKE , INVOKE , PROVOKE , REVOKE , from Latin voc ³re, to call. 3. Suffixed form *wek w -es-. EPIC , EPOS ; EPOPEE , ORTHOEPY , from Greek epos , song, word. [ Pokorny ø ek ø - 1135. ]

feel·ing ( f¶"l¹ng) n. 1. a. The sensation involving perception by touch. b. A sensation experienced through touch. c. A physical sensation: a feeling of warmth. 2. An affective state of consciousness, such as that resulting from emotions, sentiments, or desires: experienced a feeling of excitement. 3. An awareness or impression: He had the feeling that he was being followed. 4. a. An emotional state or disposition; an emotion: expressed deep feeling. b. A tender emotion; a fondness. 5. a. Capacity to experience the higher emotions; sensitivity; sensibility: a man of feeling. b. feelings Susceptibility to emotional response; sensibilities: The child's feelings are easily hurt. 6. Opinion based more on emotion than on reason; sentiment. 7. A general impression conveyed by a person, place, or thing: The stuffy air gave one the feeling of being in a tomb. 8. a. Appreciative regard or understanding: a feeling for propriety. b. Intuitive awareness or aptitude; a feel: has a feeling for language. adj. 1. Having the ability to react or feel emotionally; sentient; sensitive. 2. Easily moved emotionally; sympathetic: a feeling heart. 3. Expressive of sensibility or emotion: a feeling glance. feel "ing·ly adv.

Synonyms: feeling emotion passion sentiment These nouns refer to complex and usually strong subjective human response, such as love or hate. Although feeling and emotion are sometimes interchangeable, feeling is the more general and neutral: feelings of hope and joy; a feeling of inferiority; religious feelings. " I have said that poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquillity " (William Wordsworth). Emotion is often considered to be the stronger of the two terms and to imply the presence of excitement or agitation: He has difficulty controlling his emotions. " Poetry is not a turning loose of emotion, but an escape from emotion " (T.S. Eliot). Passion is intense, compelling emotion: " They seemed like ungoverned children inflamed with the fiercest passions of men " (Francis Parkman). Sentiment often applies to a thought or opinion arising from or influenced by emotion: What are your sentiments about the government's policies? The word can also refer to the delicate, sensitive, or higher or more refined feelings: " The mystic reverence, the religious allegiance, which are essential to a true monarchy, are imaginative sentiments that no legislature can manufacture in any people " (Walter Bagehot). opinion

feel ( f¶l) v. felt ( fµlt) feel·ing feels v. tr. 1. a. To perceive through the sense of touch: feel the velvety smoothness of a peach. b. To perceive as a physical sensation: feel a sharp pain; feel the cold. 2. a. To touch. b. To examine by touching. See note at touch . 3. To test or explore with caution: feel one's way in a new job. 4. a. To undergo the experience of: felt my interest rising; felt great joy. b. To be aware of; sense: felt the anger of the crowd. c. To be emotionally affected by: She still feels the loss of her dog. 5. a. To be persuaded of (something) on the basis of intuition, emotion, or other indefinite grounds: I feel that what the informant says may well be true. b. To believe; think: She felt his answer to be evasive. v. intr. 1. To experience sensations of touch. 2. a. To produce a particular sensation, especially through the sense of touch: The sheets felt smooth. b. To produce a particular impression; appear to be; seem: It feels good to be home. See note at well 2 . 3. To be conscious of a specified kind or quality of physical, mental, or emotional state: felt warm and content; feels strongly about the election. 4. To seek or explore something by the sense of touch: felt for the light switch in the dark. 5. To have compassion or sympathy: I feel for him in his troubles. n. 1. Perception by or as if by touch; sensation: a feel of autumn in the air. 2. The sense of touch: a surface that is rough to the feel. 3. The nature or quality of something as perceived by or as if by the sense of touch: " power steering that seems overassisted, eliminating road feel " Mark Ginsburg 4. Overall impression or effect; atmosphere: " gives such disparate pictures . . . a crazily convincing documentary feel " Stephen King 5. Intuitive awareness or natural ability: has a feel for decorating.

Phrasal Verbs: feel out 1. To try cautiously or indirectly to ascertain the viewpoint or nature of. feel up Vulgar Slang 1. To touch or fondle (someone) sexually.

Idioms: feel in (one's) bones 1. To have an intuition of. feel like Informal 1. To have an inclination or desire for: felt like going for a walk. feel like (oneself) 1. To sense oneself as being in one's normal state of health or spirits: I just don't feel like myself today. [Middle English felen from Old English f¶lan;See p ½l- in Indo-European Roots.]

vic·tim ( v¹k"t¹m) n. 1. One who is harmed or killed by another: a victim of a mugging. 2. A living creature slain and offered as a sacrifice during a religious rite. 3. One who is harmed by or made to suffer from an act, circumstance, agency, or condition: victims of war. 4. A person who suffers injury, loss, or death as a result of a voluntary undertaking: You are a victim of your own scheming. 5. A person who is tricked, swindled, or taken advantage of: the victim of a cruel hoax. [Latin victima] vic "tim·hood" ( -h‹d") n.

bit·ter ( b¹t"…r) adj. bit·ter·er bit·ter·est 1. Having or being a taste that is sharp, acrid, and unpleasant. 2. Causing a sharply unpleasant, painful, or stinging sensation; harsh: enveloped in bitter cold; a bitter wind. 3. Difficult or distasteful to accept, admit, or bear: the bitter truth; bitter sorrow. 4. Proceeding from or exhibiting strong animosity: a bitter struggle; bitter foes. 5. Resulting from or expressive of severe grief, anguish, or disappointment: cried bitter tears. 6. Marked by resentment or cynicism: " He was already a bitter elderly man with a gray face " John Dos Passos adv. 1. In an intense or harsh way; bitterly: a bitter cold night. v. tr. bit·tered bit·ter·ing bit·ters 1. To make bitter. n. 1. That which is bitter: " all words . . . /Failing to give the bitter of the sweet " Tennyson 2. bitters A bitter, usually alcoholic liquid made with herbs or roots and used in cocktails or as a tonic. 3. Chiefly British A sharp-tasting beer made with hops. [Middle English from Old English; See bheid- in Indo-European Roots.] bit "ter·ly adv. bit "ter·ness n.

Synonyms: bitter acerbic acrid The central meaning shared by these adjectives is " unpleasantly sharp or pungent in taste or smell ": a bitter cough syrup; acerbic barberries; acrid resin.

bheid- . Important derivatives are: beetle 1 bite bit 1 bitter bait 1 boat fission To split; with Germanic derivatives referring to biting (hence also to eating and to hunting) and woodworking. I. 1. a. BEETLE 1 , BITE , from Old English b ºtan, to bite; b. TSIMMES , from Old High German b ºzan, bizzan , to bite. Both a and b from Germanic *b ºtan. 2. Zero-grade form *bhid- . a. BIT 2 , from Old English bite , a bite, sting, from Germanic *bitiz ; b. ( i ) BIT 1 , from Old English bita , a piece bitten off, morsel; ( ii ) BITT , from a Germanic source akin to Old Norse biti , bit, crossbeam. Both ( i ) and ( ii ) from Germanic *bit ½n-; c. suffixed form *bhid-ro- . BITTER , from Old English bit(t)er , " biting," sharp, bitter. 3. O-grade form *bhoid- . a. BAIT 1 , from Old Norse beita (verb), to hunt with dogs, and beita (noun), pasture, food; b. ABET , from Old French beter , to harass with dogs. Both a and b from Germanic *baitjan . 4. BATEAU , BOAT ; ( BOATSWAIN ), from Old English b ³t, boat, from Germanic *bait- , a boat ( < " dugout canoe " or " split planking "). 5. Nasalized zero-grade form *bhi-n-d- . -FID , FISSI- , ( FISSILE ), ( FISSION ), ( FISSURE ), from Latin findere , to split. [ Pokorny bheid- 116. ]

ha·tred ( h³"tr¹d) n. 1. Intense animosity or hostility. [Middle English hate hate; See hate Old English rÆden condition; See ar- in Indo-European Roots.]

ar- . Important derivatives are: arm 1 arm 2 army alarm disarm harmony art 1 artist inert article aristocracy order ordinary ornate adorn rate 1 ratio reason read hatred riddle 2 rite arithmetic rhyme Also ar …- To fit together. I. Basic form *ar …-. 1. Suffixed form *ar( …)-mo-. a. ARM 1 , from Old English earm , arm, from Germanic *armaz ; b. ARM 2 , ( ARMADA ), ARMADILLO , ARMATURE , ARMOIRE , ARMY ; ALARM , DISARM , from Latin arma , tools, arms; c. ARMILLARY SPHERE , from Latin armus , upper arm. 2. Suffixed form *ar( …)-smo-. HARMONY , from Greek harmos , joint, shoulder. 3. Suffixed form *ar( …)-ti-. a. ART 1 , ARTISAN , ARTIST ; INERT , ( INERTIA ), from Latin ars (stem art- ), art, skill, craft; b. further suffixed form *ar( …)-ti-o-. ARTIODACTYL , from Greek artios , fitting, even. 4. Suffixed form *ar( …)-tu-. ARTICLE , from Latin artus , joint. 5. Suffixed form *ar( …)-to-. COARCTATE , from Latin artus , tight. 6. Suffixed form *ar( …)-dhro-. ARTHRO- ; ANARTHROUS , DIARTHROSIS , ENARTHROSIS , SYNARTHROSIS , from Greek arthron , joint. 7. Suffixed (superlative) form *ar( …)-isto-. ARISTOCRACY , from Greek aristos , best. II. Possibly suffixed variant form (or separate root) * ½r-dh-. 1. ORDAIN , ORDER , ORDINAL , ORDINANCE , ORDINARY , ORDINATE , ORDO ; COORDINATION , INORDINATE , SUBORDINATE , from Latin ½ rd½, order (originally a row of threads in a loom). 2. EXORDIUM , PRIMORDIAL , from Latin ½ rdºrº, to begin to weave. 3. ORNAMENT , ORNATE ; ADORN , SUBORN , from Latin ½ rn³re, to adorn. III. Variant or separate root *r ¶- ( < *re …-). 1. RATE 1 , RATIO , REASON ; ( ARRAIGN ), from Latin r ¶rº, to consider, confirm, ratify. 2. Suffixed form *r ¶-dh-. a. (i) READ , REDE , from Old English r Ædan, to advise; (ii) HATRED , KINDRED , from Old English r Æden, condition. Both (i) and (ii) from Germanic *r ¶dan; b. (i) RATHSKELLER , from Old High German r ³t, counsel; (ii) RIDDLE 2 , from Old English r Ædels(e), opinion, riddle. Both (i) and (ii) from Germanic *r ¶daz. 3. Zero-grade form *r …-. (see dek ©) Germanic *radam , number. IV. Variant (or separate root) *r º-. 1. Suffixed form *r º-tu-. RITE , from Latin r ºtus, rite, custom, usage. 2. Suffixed form *(a)r º-dhmo-. ARITHMETIC , LOGARITHM , from Greek arithmos , number, amount. 3. RHYME , from a Germanic source akin to Old High German r ºm, number, series. [ Pokorny 1. ar- 55. ]