mar·ti·net ( mär"tn-µt") n. 1. A rigid military disciplinarian. 2. One who demands absolute adherence to forms and rules. [After Jean Martinet (died 1672), French army officer]

un·ques·tion·ing ( ¾n-kwµs"ch…-n¹ng) adj. 1. Not marked by or exhibiting uncertainty or indecision: unquestioning faith. un·ques "tion·ing·ly adv.

o·be·di·ence ( ½-b¶"d¶-…ns) n. 1. a. The quality or condition of being obedient. b. The act of obeying. 2. a. A sphere of ecclesiastical authority. b. A group of people under such authority.

re·al·ize ( r¶"…-lºz") v. re·al·ized re·al·iz·ing re·al·iz·es v. tr. 1. To comprehend completely or correctly. 2. To make real; fulfill: He finally realized his lifelong ambition to learn how to play the violin. 3. To make realistic. 4. To obtain or achieve, as gain or profit: She realized a substantial return on the investment. 5. To bring in (a sum) as profit by sale. v. intr. 1. To exchange holdings or goods for money. [French réaliser from Old French from real real; See real 1 ] re "al·iz"a·ble adj. re "al·iz"er n.

re·ceive ( r¹-s¶v") v. re·ceived re·ceiv·ing re·ceives v. tr. 1. To take or acquire (something given, offered, or transmitted); get. 2. To hear or see (information, for example): receive bad news; received a good report of the group's activities. 3. To have (a title, for example) bestowed on oneself. 4. To meet with; experience: receive sympathetic treatment. 5. To have inflicted or imposed on oneself: receive a penalty. 6. To bear the weight or force of; support: The beams receive the full weight of the walls and roof. 7. To take or intercept the impact of (a blow, for example). 8. To take in, hold, or contain: a tank that receives rainwater. 9. To admit: receive new members. 10. To greet or welcome: receive guests. 11. To perceive or acquire mentally: receive a bad impression. 12. To regard with approval or disapproval: essays that were received well. 13. To listen to and acknowledge formally and authoritatively: The judge received their oath of allegiance. v. intr. 1. To acquire or get something; be a recipient. 2. To admit or welcome guests or visitors: The couple are not receiving this winter. 3. To partake of the Eucharist. 4. Electronics To convert incoming electromagnetic waves into visible or audible signals. 5. Football To catch or take possession of a kicked ball. [Middle English receiven from Old North French receivre from Latin recipere re- re- capere to take; See kap- in Indo-European Roots.]

kap- . Important derivatives are: have heavy haven hawk 1 heave cable capable caption captive catch chase 1 accept conceive deceive except intercept municipal occupy participate perceive receive recover capsule chassis To grasp. I. Basic form *kap- . 1. HEDDLE , from Old English hefeld , thread used for weaving, heddle (a device which grasps the thread), from Germanic *haf- . 2. HAFT , from Old English hæft , handle, from Germanic *haftjam . 3. Form *kap-o- . HAVE , from Old English habban , to have, hold, from Germanic *habai- , *hab ¶n. 4. HEAVY , from Old English hefig , heavy, from Germanic *hafigaz , " containing something, " having weight. 5. HAVEN , from Old English hæfen , a haven, from Germanic *hafn ½-, perhaps " place that holds ships. " 6. HAWK 1 , from Old English h(e)afoc , hawk, from Germanic *habukaz . 7. (see per 1 ) Latin combining form -ceps ( < *kap-s ), " taker." 8. GAFF 1 , from Provençal gafar , to seize, from Germanic *gaf- , probably akin to kap- . II. Suffixed form *kap-yo- . 1. HEAVE , from Old English hebban , to lift, from Germanic *hafjan . 2. CABLE , CAPABLE , CAPACIOUS , CAPIAS , CAPSTAN , CAPTION , CAPTIOUS , ( CAPTIVATE ), CAPTIVE , CAPTOR , CAPTURE , CATCH , ( CHASE 1 ), ACCEPT , ANTICIPATE , CONCEIVE , DECEIVE , EXCEPT , INCEPTION , ( INCIPIENT ), INTERCEPT , INTUSSUSCEPTION , MUNICIPAL , NUNCUPATIVE , OCCUPY , PARTICIPATE , PERCEIVE , PRECEPT , RECEIVE , ( RECOVER ), RECUPERATE , ( RX ), SUSCEPTIBLE , from Latin capere , to take, seize, catch. III. Lengthened-grade variant form *k ½p-. 1. a. BEHOOF , from Old English beh ½f, use, profit, need; b. BEHOOVE , from Old English beh ½fian, to have need of. Both a and b from Germanic compound *bi-h ½f, " that which binds, " requirement, obligation ( *bi- , intensive prefix; see ambhi ), from *h ½f-. 2. COPEPOD , from Greek k ½p¶, oar, handle. [ Pokorny kap- 527. Compare ghabh- . ]

re·cline ( r¹-klºn") v. re·clined re·clin·ing re·clines v. tr. 1. To cause to assume a leaning or prone position. v. intr. 1. To lie back or down. [Middle English reclinen from Old French recliner from Latin reclºn³rere- re- -cl ºn³re to bend; See klei- in Indo-European Roots.] rec "li·na"tion ( rµk"l…-n³"sh…n) n.

klei- . Important derivatives are: decline incline recline proclivity lid lean 1 client clinic climax climate ladder To lean. I. Full-grade form *klei- . 1. Suffixed form *klei-n- . DECLINE , INCLINE , RECLINE , from Latin -cl ºn³re, to lean, bend. 2. Suffixed form *klei-tro- . CLITELLUM , from Latin cl ºtellae, packsaddle, from diminutive of *cl ºtra, litter. 3. Suffixed form *klei-wo- . ACCLIVITY , DECLIVITY , PROCLIVITY , from Latin cl ºvus, a slope. 4. Suffixed form *klei-tor- , " incline, hill. " CLITORIS , from Greek feminine diminutive kleitoris . II. Zero grade form *kli- . 1. LID , from Old English hlid , cover, from Germanic *hlid- , " that which bends over, " cover. 2. Suffixed form *kli-n- . LEAN 1 , from Old English hlinian and hleonian , to lean, from Germanic *hlin ¶n. 3. Suffixed form *kli-ent- . CLIENT , from Latin cli ¶ns, dependent, follower. 4. Suffixed form *kli-to- . (see ous- ) Latin auscult ³re, " to hold one's ear inclined, " to listen to, from *aus-klit- ³-. 5. Suffixed form *kli-n-yo- . -CLINAL , CLINE , ( -CLINE ), ( -CLINIC ), CLINO- ; ACLINIC LINE , ANACLISIS , CLINANDRIUM , ENCLITIC , MATRICLINOUS , PATROCLINOUS , PERICLINE , ( PROCLITIC ), from Greek klinein , to lean. 6. Lengthened form *kl º-. a. suffixed form *kl º-n-³. CLINIC ; DICLINOUS , MONOCLINOUS , TRICLINIUM , from Greek klin ¶, bed; b. suffixed form *kl º-m-. CLIMAX , from Greek klimax , ladder; c. suffixed form *kl º-mö. CLIMATE , from Greek klima , sloping surface of the earth. III. Suffixed o-grade form *kloi-tr- . LADDER , from Old English hl Æd(d)er, ladder, from Germanic *hlaidri- .[ Pokorny ç lei- 600. ]

red·line ( rµd"lºn") v. red·lined red·lin·ing red·lines v. intr. 1. To refuse home mortgages or home insurance to areas or neighborhoods deemed poor financial risks. v. tr. 1. To discriminate against by refusing to grant loans, mortgages, or insurance to. 2. To remove from operational status because of mechanical defects or the need for scheduled maintenance: redlined three fighter aircraft.

re·joice ( r¹-jois") v. re·joiced re·joic·ing re·joic·es v. intr. 1. To feel joyful; be delighted: rejoiced at the news; rejoiced in her friend's good fortune. v. tr. 1. To fill with joy; gladden.

Phrasal Verbs: rejoice in 1. To have or possess: rejoices in a keen mind. [Middle English rejoicen from Old French rejoir rejoiss- re- re- joir to be joyful( from Vulgar Latin *gaud ºre)(from Latin gaud¶re);See g ³u- in Indo-European Roots.] re·joic "er n.

g ³u-. Important derivatives are: gaudy 1 joy enjoy rejoice To rejoice; also to have religious fear or awe. I. Contracted from *ga …u-. 1. Suffixed form *gau-d- ¶-. GAUD , ( GAUDY 1 ), GAUDY 2 , JOY ; ENJOY , REJOICE , from Latin gaud ¶re, to rejoice. 2. Form (with nasal infix) *g …-n-u-. GANOID , from Greek ganusthai , to rejoice. [ Pokorny g ³u- 353. ]

re·prise ( r¹-pr¶z") n. 1. Music a. A repetition of a phrase or verse. b. A return to an original theme. 2. A recurrence or resumption of an action. v. tr. re·prised re·pris·ing re·pris·es 1. To repeat or resume an action; make a reprise of. [Middle English act of taking back from Old French, from feminine past participle of reprendre to take back; See reprieve ]

ghend- . Important derivatives are: get forget guess prison apprehend comprehend surprise prey Also ghed- To seize, take. I. 1. a. GET , from Old Norse geta , to get; b. BEGET , from Old English beg(i)etan , to get, beget, from Germanic compound *bigetan , to acquire ( *bi- , intensive prefix; see ambhi ); c. FORGET , from Old English forg(i)etan , to forget, from Germanic compound *fer-getan , " to lose one's hold, " forget ( *fer- , prefix denoting rejection; see per 1 ). a, b, and c all from Germanic *getan . 2. GUESS , from Middle English gessen , to guess, from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Swedish gissa , to guess, from Germanic *getis ½n, " to try to get, " aim at. 3. Basic form *ghend- . PREHENSILE , PREHENSION , PRISON , PRIZE 2 , ( PRIZE 3 ), ( PRY 2 ); APPREHEND , ( APPRENTICE ), ( APPRISE ), COMPREHEND , ( COMPRISE ), EMPRISE , ENTERPRISE , ( ENTREPRENEUR ), MISPRISION 1 , PREGNABLE , REPREHEND , ( REPRISAL ), ( REPRISE ), SURPRISE , from Latin prendere , prehendere , to get hold of, seize, grasp ( pre- , prae- , before; see per 1 ). 4. Form *ghed- . PREDATORY , PREY , SPREE ; DEPREDATE , OSPREY , from Latin praeda , booty ( < *prai-heda , " something seized before "; prai- , prae- , before; see per 1 ). [ Pokorny ghend- 437. ]

rep·tile ( rµp"t¹l, -t ºl") n. 1. Any of various cold-blooded, usually egg-laying vertebrates of the class Reptilia, such as a snake, lizard, crocodile, turtle, or dinosaur, having an external covering of scales or horny plates and breathing by means of lungs. 2. A person regarded as despicable or treacherous. [Middle English reptil from Old French reptile from Late Latin r¶ptile from neuter of Latin r¶ptilis creeping from r¶ptus,past participle of r¶pereto creep]

re·quire ( r¹-kwºr") v. tr. re·quired re·quir·ing re·quires Abbr. req. 1. To have as a requisite; need: Most plants require sunlight. 2. To call for as obligatory or appropriate; demand. See note at demand . 3. To impose an obligation on; compel: Students are required to attend classes. [Middle English requiren from Old French requerre from Vulgar Latin *requaerere alteration( influenced by quaerere to seek) of Latin requºrerere- re- quaerere to seek] re·quir "a·ble adj. re·quir "er n.

re·quite ( r¹-kwºt") v. tr. re·quit·ed re·quit·ing re·quites 1. To make repayment or return for: requite another's love. See note at reciprocate . 2. To avenge. [Middle English requiten re- re- quiten to pay; See quit ] re·quit "a·ble adj. re·quit "er n.

re·spire ( r¹-spºr") v. re·spired re·spir·ing re·spires v. intr. 1. To breathe in and out; inhale and exhale. 2. To undergo the metabolic process of respiration. 3. To breathe easily again, as after a period of exertion or trouble. v. tr. 1. To inhale and exhale (air); breathe. [Middle English respiren to breathe again from Latin respºr³rere- re- spºr³re to breathe]

res·pite ( rµs"p¹t) n. 1. A usually short interval of rest or relief. See note at pause . 2. Law Temporary suspension of a death sentence; a reprieve. v. tr. res·pit·ed res·pit·ing res·pites 1. To delay; postpone. [Middle English from Old French respit from Latin respectus refuge, looking back; See respect ]

spek- . Important derivatives are: spy espionage specimen spectacle spectrum speculate aspect circumspect conspicuous despise expect inspect perspective prospect respect respite suspect species especial despicable skeptic bishop telescope To observe. I. Basic form *spek- . 1. a. ESPY , SPY , from Old French espier , to watch; b. ESPIONAGE , from Old Italian spione , spy, from Germanic derivative *speh- ½n-, watcher. Both a and b from Germanic *speh ½n. 2. Suffixed form *spek-yo- . SPECIMEN , SPECIOUS , SPECTACLE , SPECTRUM , SPECULATE , SPECULUM ; ASPECT , CIRCUMSPECT , CONSPICUOUS , DESPISE , EXPECT , FRONTISPIECE , INSPECT , INTROSPECT , PERSPECTIVE , PROSPECT , RESPECT , ( RESPITE ), RETROSPECT , SUSPECT , TRANSPICUOUS , from Latin specere , to look at. 3. SPECIES ; ESPECIAL , from Latin speci ¶s, a seeing, sight, form. 4. a. (see gher …-) Latin haruspex , diviner; b. (see awi- ) Latin auspex , augur. Both a and b from Latin -spex ( < *-spek- ), " he who sees. " 5. Suffixed form *spek- ³-. DESPICABLE , from Latin (denominative) d ¶spic³rº, to despise, look down on ( d ¶-, down; see de- ). 6. Suffixed metathetical form *skep-yo- . SKEPTIC , from Greek skeptesthai , to examine, consider. II. Extended o-grade form *spoko- . SCOPE , -SCOPE , -SCOPY ; BISHOP , EPISCOPAL , HOROSCOPE , TELESCOPE , from metathesized Greek skopos , one who watches, also object of attention, goal, and its denominative skopein ( < *skop-eyo- ), to see. [ Pokorny spe ç- 984. ]

res·tive ( rµs"t¹v) adj. 1. Uneasily impatient under restriction, opposition, criticism, or delay. 2. Resisting control; difficult to control. 3. Refusing to move. Used of a horse or other animal. [Middle English restif stationary from Old French from rester to remain from Latin rest³re to keep back re- re- st³re to stand; See st ³- in Indo-European Roots.] res "tive·ly adv. res "tive·ness n.

Usage Note: Restive is properly applied to the impatience or uneasiness induced by external coercion or restriction and is not a general synonym for restless: The government has done nothing to ease export restrictions, and domestic manufacturers are growing restive (not restless ). The atmosphere in the office was congenial, but after five years she began to grow restless (not restive ).

st ³-. Important derivatives are: steed stud 2 stool stage stance stanza stay 1 arrest circumstance constant contrast cost distant instant obstacle obstetric rest 2 substance stand understand standard stem 1 station static destine obstinate state statue statute institute prostitute substitute superstition establish stable 1 assist exist insist resist ecstasy system post 1 store steer 1 steer 2 To stand; with derivatives meaning " place or thing that is standing. " Contracted from *sta …-. I. Basic form *st ³-. 1. Extended form *st ³dh-. a. STEED , from Old English st ¶da, stallion, studhorse ( < " place for breeding horses "), from Germanic *st ½d-j½n-; b. STUD 2 , from Old English st ½d, establishment for breeding horses, from Germanic *st ½d½. 2. Suffixed form *st ³-lo-. a. STOOL , from Old English st ½l, stool; b. (see pel- 2 ) Germanic compound *faldist ½laz. Both a and b from Germanic *st ½laz. 3. ESTANCIA , STAGE , STANCE , STANCH 1 , STANCHION , ( STANZA ), STATOR , STAY 1 , STET ; ARREST , CIRCUMSTANCE , CONSTANT , CONTRAST , ( COST ), DISTANT , EXTANT , INSTANT , OBSTACLE , OBSTETRIC , ( OUST ), REST 2 , RESTIVE , SUBSTANCE , from Latin st ³re, to stand. 4. Suffixed form *st ³-men-. ETAMINE , STAMEN , STAMMEL , from Latin st ³men, thread of the warp (a technical term). 5. Suffixed form *st ³-mon-. PENSTEMON , from Greek st ¶m½n, thread. 6. Suffixed form *st ³-ro-. STARETS , from Old Church Slavonic star ¾, old ( "long-standing"). II. Zero-grade form *st …- (before consonants). 1. Nasalized extended form *st …-n-t-. a. STAND , from Old English standan , to stand; b. UNDERSTAND , from Old English understandan , to know, stand under ( under- , under-; see ö dher); c. STANDARD , from Frankish *standan , to stand; d. STOUND , from Old English stund , a fixed time, while, from secondary zero-grade form in Germanic *stund- ½. a, b, c, and d all from Germanic *standan . 2. Suffixed form *st …-tyo-. STITHY , from Old Norse stedhi , anvil, from Germanic *stathj ½n-. 3. Suffixed form *st …-tlo-. STADDLE , STARLING 2 , from Old English stathol , foundation, from Germanic *stathlaz . 4. Suffixed form *st …-mno-. STEM 1 , from Old English stefn , stem, tree trunk, from Germanic *stamniz . 5. Suffixed form *st …-ti-. a. (i) STEAD , from Old English stede , place; (ii) STADHOLDER , from Dutch stad , place; (iii) SHTETL , from Old High German stat , place. (i), (ii) , and (iii) all from Germanic *stadiz ; b. STAT 2 , from Latin statim , at once; c. STATION , from Latin stati ½, a standing still; d. ARMISTICE , SOLSTICE , from Latin -stitium , a stoppage; e. STASIS , from Greek stasis (see III. 1. b .), a standing, a standstill. 6. Suffixed form *st …-to-. a. BESTEAD , from Old Norse stadhr , place, from Germanic *stadaz , placed; b. -STAT , STATIC , STATICE , STATO- ; ASTASIA , ( ASTATINE ), from Greek statos , placed, standing. 7. Suffixed form *st …-no-. a. DESTINE , from Latin d ¶stin³re, to make firm, establish ( d ¶-, thoroughly; see de- ); b. OBSTINATE , from Latin obstin ³re, to set one's mind on, persist ( ob- , on; see epi ). 8. Suffixed form *st …-tu-. STATE , STATISTICS , ( STATUE ), STATURE , STATUS , STATUTE ; CONSTITUTE , DESTITUTE , INSTITUTE , PROSTITUTE , RESTITUTE , SUBSTITUTE , SUPERSTITION , from Latin status , manner, position, condition, attitude, with derivatives stat ¿ra, height, stature, statuere , to set up, erect, cause to stand, and superstes ( < *-st …-t-), witness ( "who stands beyond "). 9. Suffixed form *st …-dhlo-. STABLE 2 ; CONSTABLE , from Latin stabulum , " standing place, " stable. 10. Suffixed form *st …-dhli-. ESTABLISH , STABLE 1 , from Latin stabilis , standing firm. 11. Suffixed form *st …-t³. -STAT ; ENSTATITE , from Greek -stat ¶s, one that causes to stand, a standing. III. Zero-grade form *st- , *st( …)- (before vowels). 1. Reduplicated form *si-st( …)-. a. ASSIST , CONSIST , DESIST , EXIST , INSIST , INTERSTICE , PERSIST , RESIST , SUBSIST , from Latin sistere , to set, place, stop, stand; b. APOSTASY , CATASTASIS , DIASTASIS , ECSTASY , EPISTASIS , EPISTEMOLOGY , HYPOSTASIS , ICONOSTASIS , ISOSTASY , METASTASIS , PROSTATE , SYSTEM , from Greek histanai (aorist stanai ), to set, place, with stasis ( *st …-ti-), a standing (see II. 5. e .); c. HISTO- ; HISTIOCYTE , from Greek histos , web, tissue ( < " that which is set up "). 2. Compound form *tri-st-i- , " third person standing by " (see trei- ). 3. Compound form *por-st-i- , " that which stands before " ( *por- , before, forth; see per 1 ). POST 1 , from Latin postis , post. 4. Suffixed form *st-o- in compound *upo-st-o- , " one who stands under " (see upo ). IV. Extended root *st ³u- ( < *sta …u-), becoming *stau- before consonants, *st ³w- before vowels; basic meaning " stout-standing, strong. " 1. Suffixed extended form *st ³w-³. STOW , from Old English st ½w, place, from Germanic *st ½w½. 2. Probable o-grade suffixed extended form *st ½w-y³. STOA , STOIC , from Greek stoa , porch. 3. Suffixed extended form *stau-ro- . a. (i) STORE ; INSTAURATION , from Latin º nstaur³re, to restore, set upright again ( in- , on; see en ); (ii) RESTORE , from Latin restaur ³re, to restore, rebuild ( re- , anew, again; see re- ); b. STAUROLITE , from Greek stauros , cross, post, stake. 4. Variant *tau-ro- , bull (see tauro- ). V. Zero-grade extended root *st ¿- ( < *stu …-). Suffixed form *st ¿-lo-. STYLITE ; AMPHISTYLAR , ASTYLAR , EPISTYLE , HYPOSTYLE , PERISTYLE , PROSTYLE , STYLOBATE , from Greek stulos , pillar. VI. Secondary full-grade form *steu …-. Suffixed form *steu …-ro-. THERAVADA , from Sanskrit sthavira- , thick, stout, old. VII. Variant zero-grade extended root *stu- . Suffixed form *stu-t- . STUD 1 , from Old English stuthu , studu , post, prop. VIII. Secondary full-grade form *steu- . 1. Suffixed form *steu-r ³. STARBOARD , from Old English st ¶or-, a steering, from Germanic *steur ½, " a steering. " 2. a. STEER 1 , from Old English st ºeran, st ¶ran, to steer; b. STERN 2 , from Middle English sterne , stern of a boat, possibly from a source akin to Old Norse stj ½rn, a rudder, a steering, derivative of st þra, to steer. Both a and b from Germanic denominative *steurjan . 3. Suffixed form *steu-ro- , a larger domestic animal. STEER 2 , from Old English st ¶or, steer, from Germanic *steuraz , ox. 4. STIRK , from Old English st ºrc, stierc , calf, from Germanic diminutive *steur-ika- , probably from st ³-. [ Pokorny st ³- 1004. ]

re·u·nite ( r¶"y›-nºt") v. tr. intr. re·u·nit·ed re·u·nit·ing re·u·nites 1. To bring or come together again.

re·write ( r¶-rºt") v. re·wrote ( -r½t") re·writ·ten ( -r¹t"n) re·writ·ing re·writes v. tr. 1. To write again, especially in a different or improved form; revise. 2. To put (material submitted to a newspaper or magazine) in a form suitable for publishing. v. intr. 1. To make revisions in written material. n. ( r¶"rºt") 1. The act or an instance of rewriting. 2. Something rewritten. re·writ "er n.