proc·ess 1 ( pr¼s"µs", pr ½"sµs") n. pl. proc·ess·es ( pr¼s"µs"¹z, pr ½"sµs"-, pr ¼s"¹-s¶z", pr ½"s¹-) Abbr. proc. 1. A series of actions, changes, or functions bringing about a result: the process of digestion; the process of obtaining a driver's license. 2. A series of operations performed in the making or treatment of a product: a manufacturing process; leather dyed during the tanning process. 3. Progress; passage: the process of time; events now in process. 4. Law The entire course of a judicial proceeding. 5. Law a. A summons or writ ordering a defendant to appear in court. b. The total quantity of summonses or writs issued in a particular proceeding. 6. Biology An outgrowth of tissue; a projecting part: a bony process. 7. Any of various photomechanical or photoengraving methods. 8. See conk 3 . v. tr. proc·essed proc·ess·ing proc·ess·es 1. To put through the steps of a prescribed procedure: processing newly arrived immigrants; received the order, processed it, and dispatched the goods. 2. To prepare, treat, or convert by subjecting to a special process: process ore to obtain minerals. 3. Law a. To serve with a summons or writ. b. To institute legal proceedings against; prosecute. 4. Computer Science To perform operations on (data). 5. To straighten (hair) by a chemical process; conk. adj. 1. Prepared or converted by a special process: process cheese. 2. Made by or used in any of several photomechanical or photoengraving processes: a process print. [Middle English proces from Old French development from Latin pr½cessus,from past participle of pr½c¶dereto advance; See proceed ]

Usage Note: In recent years there has been a tendency to pronounce the plural ending -es of processes as (- ¶z), perhaps by analogy with words of Greek origin such as analysis and neurosis. But process is not of Greek origin, and there is no etymological justification for this pronunciation of its plural. The pronunciation may someday become so widespread as to be a standard variant, but it still strikes some listeners as a bungled affectation.

pro·cess 2 ( pr…-sµs") v. intr. pro·cessed pro·cess·ing pro·cess·es 1. To move along in or as if in a procession: " The man in the panama hat offered his arm and . . . they processed into the dining room " Anita Brookner [Back-formation from procession ]

gold ( g½ld) n. 1. a. Symbol Au A soft, yellow, corrosion-resistant element, the most malleable and ductile metal, occurring in veins and alluvial deposits and recovered by mining or by panning or sluicing. A good thermal and electrical conductor, gold is generally alloyed to increase its strength, and it is used as an international monetary standard, in jewelry, for decoration, and as a plated coating on a wide variety of electrical and mechanical components. Atomic number 79; atomic weight 196.967; melting point 1,063.0 °C; boiling point 2,966.0 °C; specific gravity 19.32; valence 1, 3. See note at element . b. Coinage made of this element. c. A gold standard. 2. Money; riches. 3. Color A light olive-brown to dark yellow, or a moderate, strong to vivid yellow. 4. Something regarded as having great value or goodness: a heart of gold. 5. a. A medal, as in the Olympics, made of gold: won 9 golds in 13 events. b. A gold record. adj. 1. Having the color of gold. [Middle English from Old English; See ghel- 2 in Indo-European Roots.]

ghel- 2 . Important derivatives are: yellow gold arsenic gall 1 melancholy gleam glimpse glimmer glitter glass glare 1 glad glee glow glide To shine; with derivatives referring to colors, bright materials (probably " yellow metal "), and bile or gall. I. Words denoting colors. 1. Suffixed form *ghel-wo- . YELLOW , from Old English geolu , yellow, from Germanic *gelwaz . 2. Suffixed variant form *ghl ½-ro-. CHLORO- ; CHLORITE 1 , from Greek khl ½ros, green, greenish yellow. 3. Suffixed variant form *ghlo-wo- . CHLOASMA , from Greek khloos ( < *khlo-wo-s ), greenish color. 4. O-grade form *ghol- . PODZOL , from Russian zola , ashes (from their color). 5. Suffixed form *ghel-i- . HARE KRISHNA , from Sanskrit hari- , tawny yellow. 6. Possibly suffixed zero-grade form *gh §-wo-. GRISEOFULVIN , from Latin fulvus , tawny, perhaps from ghel- 2 (with dialectal f- as in fel , gall). II. Words denoting gold. 1. Suffixed zero-grade form *gh §-to-. a. GOLD , from Old English gold , gold; b. GILD 1 , from Old English gyldan , to gild, from Germanic denominative verb *gulthjan ; c. GUILDER , GULDEN , from Middle Dutch gulden , golden; d. GOWAN , from Middle English gollan , yellow flower, possibly from a source akin to Old Norse gullinn , golden. a, b, c, and d all from Germanic *gultham , gold. 2. Suffixed o-grade form *ghol-to- . ZLOTY , from Polish z }oto, gold. 3. Suffixed full-grade form *ghel-no- . ARSENIC , from Syriac zarn ºk³, orpiment, from Middle Iranian *zarnik- , from Old Iranian *zarna- , golden. III. Words denoting bile. 1. Suffixed o-grade form *ghol-no- . GALL 1 , from Old English gealla , gall, from Germanic *gall ½n-, bile. 2. Suffixed o-grade form *ghol- ³. CHOLE- , CHOLER , ( CHOLERA ); ACHOLIA , MELANCHOLY , from Greek khol ¶, bile. 3. Suffixed full-grade form *ghel-n- . FELON 2 , from Latin fel , bile. IV. A range of Germanic words (where no preforms are given, the words are late creations). 1. GLEAM , from Old English gl Æm, bright light, gleam, from Germanic *glaimiz . 2. GLIMPSE , from Middle English glimsen , to glimpse, from a source akin to Middle High German glimsen , to gleam. 3. GLANCE 1 , GLINT , from Middle English glent , a glint, and glenten , to shine, from a source akin to Swedish dialectal glinta , to shine. 4. GLIMMER , from Middle English glimeren , to glimmer, from a source akin to Swedish glimra , glimmer. 5. GLITTER , from Old Norse glitra , to shine. 6. GLITZ , from Old High German gl ºzan, to sparkle. 7. GLISTEN , from Old English glisnian , to shine. 8. GLISTER , from Middle Dutch glinsteren or Middle Low German glisteren , to shine. 9. GLASS , GLAZE , ( GLAZIER ), from Old English glæs , glass, from Germanic *glasam , glass. 10. GLARE 1 , from Middle English glaren , to glitter, stare, from a source akin to Middle Low German glaren , to glisten, from Germanic *glaz- . 11. GLOSS 1 , from a source perhaps akin to Icelandic glossi , a spark. 12. GLANCE 2 , from Old High German glanz , bright. 13. GLEG , from Old Norse glöggr , clear-sighted. 14. GLAD , from Old English glæd , shining, joyful, from Germanic *gladaz . 15. GLEE , from Old English gl ¶o, sport, merriment, from Germanic *gleujam . 16. a. GLEED , from Old English gl ¶d, ember; b. GLOGG , from Swedish glöd , ember. Both a and b from Germanic *gl ½-di-. 17. a. GLOW , from Old English gl ½wan, to glow; b. GLOWER , from Middle English gloren , to gleam, stare, probably from a source akin to Norwegian dialectal glora , to gleam, stare; c. GLOAT , from a source perhaps akin to Old Norse glotta , to smile (scornfully). a, b, and c all from Germanic *gl ½-. 18. GLOAMING , from Old English gl ½m, twilight, from Germanic *gl ½-m-. 19. a. GLIDE , from Old English gl ºdan, to slip, glide; b. GLISSADE , from Old French glier , to glide; c. GLITCH , from Old High German gl ºtan, to glide; d. GLEDE , from Old English glida , kite ( < " gliding, hovering bird "), from derivative Germanic *glid ½n-. a, b, c, and d all from Germanic *gl ºdan, to glide, possibly distantly related to ghel- 2 . 20. GLIB , from a source possibly akin to Middle Low German glibberich , slippery. [ Pokorny 1. ª hel- 429. ]

sil·ver ( s¹l"v…r) n. 1. Symbol Ag A lustrous white, ductile, malleable metallic element, occurring both uncombined and in ores such as argentite, having the highest thermal and electrical conductivity of the metals. It is highly valued for jewelry, tableware, and other ornamental use and is widely used in coinage, photography, dental and soldering alloys, electrical contacts, and printed circuits. Atomic number 47; atomic weight 107.868; melting point 960.8 °C; boiling point 2,212 °C; specific gravity 10.50; valence 1, 2. See note at element . 2. This metallic element as a commodity or medium of exchange. 3. Coins made of this metallic element. 4. a. Domestic articles, such as tableware, made of or plated with silver. b. Tableware, especially eating and serving utensils, made of steel or another metal. 5. Color A lustrous medium gray. 6. A silver salt, especially silver nitrate, used to sensitize paper. adj. 1. Made of or containing silver: a silver bowl; silver ore. 2. Resembling silver, especially in having a lustrous shine; silvery. 3. Color Of a lustrous medium gray: silver hair. 4. Having a soft, clear, resonant sound. 5. Eloquent; persuasive: a silver voice. 6. Favoring the adoption of silver as a standard of currency: the silver plank of the 1896 Democratic platform. 7. Of or constituting a 25th anniversary. v. sil·vered sil·ver·ing sil·vers v. tr. 1. To cover, plate, or adorn with silver or a similar lustrous substance. 2. To give a silver color to. 3. To coat (photographic paper) with a film of silver nitrate or other silver salt. v. intr. 1. To become silvery. [Middle English from Old English siolfor, seolfor probably ultimately from Akkadian Ìarpu refined silver from Ìar³pu to smelt, refine]

cop·per 1 ( k¼p"…r) n. 1. Symbol Cu A ductile, malleable, reddish-brown metallic element that is an excellent conductor of heat and electricity and is widely used for electrical wiring, water piping, and corrosion-resistant parts, either pure or in alloys such as brass and bronze. Atomic number 29; atomic weight 63.54; melting point 1,083 °C; boiling point 2,595 °C; specific gravity 8.96; valence 1, 2. See note at element . 2. A coin, usually of small denomination, made of copper or a copper alloy. 3. Chiefly British A large cooking pot made of copper or often of iron. 4. Any of various small butterflies of the subfamily Lycaeninae, having predominantly copper-colored wings. 5. Color A reddish brown. v. tr. cop·pered cop·per·ing cop·pers 1. To coat or finish with a layer of copper. 2. Slang To bet against, as in faro. [Middle English coper from Old English from Late Latin cuprum from Latin Cyprium (aes) Cyprian (metal) from Cyprius of Cyprus from Greek Kuprios from Kupros Cyprus] cop "per·y adj.

cop·per 2 ( k¼p"…r) n. Slang 1. A police officer. [From cop 1 ]

mi·na 1 ( mº"n…) n. pl. mi·nas or mi·nae ( -n¶) 1. A varying unit of weight or money used in ancient Greece and Asia. [Latin from Greek mna from Akkadian manû a unit of weight]

mi·na 2 ( mº"n…) n. 1. Variant of myna .

my·na or my·nah also mi·na ( mº"n…) n. 1. Any of various starlings of southeast Asia, having bluish-black or dark brown coloration and yellow bills. Certain species, especially the hill myna (Gracula religiosa), are known for mimicry of human speech. [Hindi main³ perhaps from Sanskrit madana¡/ from madana- delightful, joyful from madati it bubbles]

mind ( mºnd) n. 1. The human consciousness that originates in the brain and is manifested especially in thought, perception, emotion, will, memory, and imagination. 2. The collective conscious and unconscious processes in a sentient organism that direct and influence mental and physical behavior. 3. The principle of intelligence; the spirit of consciousness regarded as an aspect of reality. 4. The faculty of thinking, reasoning, and applying knowledge: Follow your mind, not your heart. 5. A person of great mental ability: the great minds of the century. 6. a. Individual consciousness, memory, or recollection: I'll bear the problem in mind. b. A person or group that embodies certain mental qualities: the medical mind; the public mind. c. The thought processes characteristic of a person or group; psychological makeup: the criminal mind. 7. Opinion or sentiment: He changed his mind when he heard all the facts. 8. Desire or inclination: She had a mind to spend her vacation in the desert. 9. Focus of thought; attention: I can't keep my mind on work. 10. A healthy mental state; sanity: losing one's mind. 11. Mind Christian Science The Deity regarded as the perfect intelligence ruling over all of divine creation. v. mind·ed mind·ing minds v. tr. 1. To bring (an object or idea) to mind; remember. 2. a. To become aware of; notice. b. Upper Southern U.S. To have in mind as a goal or purpose; intend. 3. To heed in order to obey: The children mind well. 4. To attend to: Mind closely what I tell you. 5. To be careful about: Mind the icy sidewalk! 6. a. To care about; be concerned about. b. To object to; dislike: doesn't mind doing the chores. 7. To take care or charge of; look after. v. intr. 1. To take notice; give heed. 2. To behave obediently. 3. To be concerned or troubled; care: " Not minding about bad food has become a national obsession " Times Literary Supplement 4. To be cautious or careful. [Middle English minde from Old English gemynd; See men- 1 in Indo-European Roots.] mind "er n.

Synonyms: mind intellect intelligence brain wit reason These nouns denote the faculty of thinking, reasoning, and acquiring and applying knowledge. Mind, opposed to heart, soul, or spirit, refers broadly to the capacities for thought, perception, memory, and decision: " No passion so effectually robs the mind of all its powers of acting and reasoning as fear " (Edmund Burke). Intellect stresses the capacity for knowing, thinking, and understanding as contrasted with feeling and willing: " Opinion is ultimately determined by the feelings, and not by the intellect " (Herbert Spencer). Intelligence implies the capacity for solving problems, learning from experience, and reasoning abstractly: " The world of the future will be an ever more demanding struggle against the limitations of our intelligence " (Norbert Wiener). Brain suggests strength of intellect: Anyone with a brain knows that overwork leads to decreased efficiency. Many of the most successful people are endowed with brains, talent, and perseverance. Wit stresses quickness of intelligence or facility of comprehension: " There is no such whetstone, to sharpen a good wit and encourage a will to learning, as is praise " (Roger Ascham). He lacks formal education but is adept at living by his wits. Reason, the capacity for logical, rational, and analytic thought, embraces comprehending, evaluating, and drawing conclusions: " I am sure that, since I have had the full use of my reason, nobody has ever heard me laugh " (Earl of Chesterfield). tend 2

men- 1 . Important derivatives are: mind mental mention automatic memento comment reminiscent mania mandarin mint 1 money monitor monster monument muster admonish demonstrate premonition summon mosaic Muse museum music amnesia amnesty To think; with derivatives referring to various qualities and states of mind and thought. I. Zero-grade form *m ö-. 1. Suffixed form *m ö-ti-. a. MIND , from Old English gemynd , memory, mind, from Germanic *ga-mundi- ( *ga- , intensive prefix; see kom ); b. MENTAL 1 ; AMENT 2 , DEMENT , from Latin m ¶ns (stem ment- ), mind; c. MENTION , from Latin menti ½, remembrance, mention. 2. Suffixed form *m ö-to-. AUTOMATIC , from Greek -matos , " willing." 3. Suffixed form *m ö-yo-. a. MAENAD , from Greek mainesthai , to be mad; b. AHRIMAN , from Avestan mainiiu š, spirit. II. Full-grade form *men- . 1. Suffixed form *men-ti- . a. MINNESINGER , from Old High German minna , love; b. MINIKIN , from Middle Dutch minne , love. Both a and b from Germanic *minthj ½. 2. a. MEMENTO , from Latin reduplicated form meminisse , to remember; b. COMMENT , from Latin commin ºscº, to contrive by thought ( com- , intensive prefix; see kom ); c. REMINISCENT , from Latin remin ºscº, to recall, recollect ( re- , again, back; see re- ); d. MINERVA , from Latin Minerva , name of the goddess of wisdom, possibly from men- 1 . 3. a. MENTOR , from Greek Ment ½r, Mentor, man's name (probably meaning " adviser"); b. MANIA , MANIAC , MANIC , from Greek mania , madness; c. -MANCY , MANTIC , MANTIS , from Greek mantis , seer. 4. MANDARIN , MANTRA , from Sanskrit mantra ¡/, counsel, prayer, hymn. III. O-grade form *mon- . 1. Suffixed (causative) form *mon-eyo- . MONISH , MONITION , MONITOR , MONSTER , MONUMENT , MUSTER ; ADMONISH , DEMONSTRATE , PREMONITION , SUMMON , from Latin mon ¶re, to remind, warn, advise. 2. Suffixed o-grade form *mon-tw …. MOSAIC , MUSE , MUSEUM , MUSIC , from Greek Mousa , a Muse. IV. Extended form *mn ³-, contracted from *mna …-. 1. AMNESIA , AMNESTY , ANAMNESIS , from Greek reduplicated form mimn ¶skein, to remember. 2. MNEMONIC , from Greek mn ¶m½n, mindful. V. Indo-European verb phrase *mens dh ¶-, " to set mind " (see dh ¶-), underlying compound *m ös-dh¶-. AHURA MAZDA , ( ORMAZD ), from Avestan mazd ³-, wise. [ Pokorny 3. men- 726, mendh- 730. ]

mine 1 ( mºn) n. 1. a. An excavation in the earth from which ore or minerals can be extracted. b. The site of such an excavation, with its surface buildings, elevator shafts, and equipment. 2. A deposit of ore or minerals in the earth or on its surface. 3. An abundant supply or source of something valuable: This guidebook is a mine of information. 4. a. A tunnel dug under an enemy emplacement to gain an avenue of attack or to lay explosives. b. An explosive device used to destroy enemy personnel, shipping, fortifications, or equipment, often placed in a concealed position and designed to be detonated by contact, proximity, or a time fuse. 5. A burrow or tunnel made by an insect, especially a corridor on a leaf made by a leaf miner. v. mined min·ing mines v. tr. 1. a. To extract (ore or minerals) from the earth. b. To dig a mine in (the earth) to obtain ore or minerals. 2. a. To tunnel under (the earth or a surface feature). b. To make (a tunnel) by digging. 3. To lay explosive mines in or under. 4. To attack, damage, or destroy by underhand means; subvert. 5. To delve into and make use of; exploit: mine the archives for detailed information. v. intr. 1. a. To excavate the earth for the purpose of extracting ore or minerals. b. To work in a mine. 2. To dig a tunnel under the earth, especially under an enemy emplacement or fortification. 3. To lay explosive mines. [Middle English from Old French from Vulgar Latin *m ºna probably of Celtic origin]

mine 2 ( mºn) pron. used with a sing. or pl. verb 1. Used to indicate the one or ones belonging to me: The green gloves are mine. If you can't find your hat, take mine. adj. A possessive form of I 1 Archaic 1. Used instead of my before an initial vowel or the letter h. [Middle English from Old English mºn;See me- 1 in Indo-European Roots.]

me- 1 . Important derivatives are: me myself mine 2 my Oblique form of the personal pronoun of the first person singular. I. For the nominative see eg . 1. ME , MYSELF , from Old English m ~ (dative and accusative), from Germanic *m ~-. 2. Possessive adjective *mei-no- . a. MINE 2 , MY , from Old English m ºn, my; b. MYNHEER , from Middle Dutch mijn , my. Both a and b from Germanic *m ºn-. 3. Possessive adjective *me-yo- . MADAME , MONSIEUR , from Latin meus , mine. 4. Genitive form *me-wo . MAVOURNEEN , from Old Irish mo , my. [ Pokorny 1. me- 702. ]

min·i ( m¹n"¶) n. pl. min·is 1. Something, such as a minicomputer, that is distinctively smaller than other members of its type or class. 2. A miniskirt. min "i adj.

mink ( m¹ngk) n. pl. mink or minks 1. Any of various semiaquatic carnivores of the genus Mustela, especially M. vison of North America, resembling the weasel and having short ears, a pointed snout, short legs, and partly webbed toes. 2. a. The soft, thick, lustrous fur of this animal. b. A coat, stole, or hat made of the fur of this animal. [Middle English mink fur possibly of Scandinavian origin]

mint 1 ( m¹nt) n. 1. A place where the coins of a country are manufactured by authority of the government. 2. A place or source of manufacture or invention. 3. An abundant amount, especially of money. v. tr. mint·ed mint·ing mints 1. To produce (money) by stamping metal; coin. 2. To invent or fabricate: a phrase that was minted for one occasion. adj. 1. Undamaged as if freshly minted: The painting was in mint condition. [Middle English from Old English mynet coin from Latin mon¶ta;See money ] mint "er n.

mint 2 ( m¹nt) n. 1. A member of the mint family. 2. a. Any of various plants of the genus Mentha, characteristically having aromatic foliage and nearly regular flowers. Some plants are cultivated for their aromatic oil and used for flavoring. b. The fresh, dried foliage of some of these plants. 3. Any of various similar or related plants, such as the stone mint. 4. A candy flavored with mint. [Middle English minte from Old English from Germanic *minta from Latin menta possibly from Greek minth¶] mint "y adj.

minx ( m¹ngks) n. 1. A girl or young woman who is considered pert, flirtatious, or impudent. 2. Obsolete A promiscuous woman. [Origin unknown] minx "ish adj.