bathe ( b³th) v. bathed bath·ing bathes v. intr. 1. To take a bath. 2. To go into the water for swimming or other recreation. 3. To become immersed in or as if in liquid. v. tr. 1. To immerse in liquid; wet. 2. To wash in a liquid. 3. To apply a liquid to for healing or soothing purposes: bathed the wound with iodine. 4. To seem to wash or pour over; suffuse: a room that was bathed in sunlight. [Middle English bathen from Old English bathian] bath "er n.

balm ( bäm) n. 1. a. A chiefly Mediterranean perennial herb (Melissa officinalis) in the mint family, grown for its lemon-scented foliage, which is used as a seasoning or for tea. Also Called lemon balm . b. Any of several related plants in the mint family, such as the bee balm and the horse balm. 2. Any of various aromatic resins exuded from several trees and shrubs, especially the balm of Gilead (Commiphora) and related plants. 3. An aromatic salve or oil. 4. A pleasing aromatic fragrance. 5. A soothing, healing, or comforting agent or quality. [Middle English baume, balsam from Old French basme from Latin balsamum; See balsam ]

barm ( bärm) n. 1. The yeasty foam that rises to the surface of fermenting malt liquors. [Middle English berme from Old English beorma yeast; See bhreu- in Indo-European Roots.]

bhreu- . Important derivatives are: brew bread broth brood breed ferment fervent To boil, bubble, effervesce, burn; with derivatives referring to cooking and brewing. I. 1. BREW , from Old English br ¶owan, to brew, from Germanic *breuwan , to brew. 2. BREAD , from Old English br ¶ad, piece of food, bread, from Germanic *braudam , (cooked) food, (leavened) bread. 3. a. BROTH , from Old English broth , broth; b. BREWIS , BROIL 2 , from Vulgar Latin *brodum , broth. Both a and b from Germanic *brudam , broth. II. Variant form *bhr ¶-. 1. a. BROOD , from Old English br ½d, offspring, brood; b. BREED , from Old English br ¶dan, to beget or cherish offspring, breed, from Germanic denominative *br ½djan, to rear young. Both a and b from Germanic derivative *br ½d-½, " a warming, " hatching, rearing of young. 2. a. BRATWURST , SAUERBRATEN , from Old High German br ³t, br ³to, roast meat; b. BRAWN , from Old French braon , meat. Both a and b from Germanic derivative *br ¶d-½n-, roast flesh. Both 1 and 2 from Germanic *br ¶dan, to warm. c. Variant form *bhres- . BRAISE , BRAZE 2 , ( BRAZIER 2 ), BREEZE 2 , from Old French brese , burning coal, ember; d. BRACIOLA , from Italian dialectal bras'a , burning coal. Both a and b from Germanic *bres- . III. Reduced form *bher- , especially in derivatives referring to fermentation. 1. a. Suffixed form *bher-men- , yeast. BARM , ( BARMY ), from Old English beorma , yeast, from Germanic *berm ½n-; b. further suffixed form *bhermen-to- . FERMENT , from Latin fermentum , yeast. 2. Extended form *bherw- . FERVENT , FERVID , ( FERVOR ); DEFERVESCENCE , EFFERVESCE , from Latin ferv ¶re, to be boiling or fermenting. IV. As a very archaic word for a spring. 1. Suffixed zero-grade form *bhru-n(e)n- . BOURN 1 , BURN 2 , from Old English burn , burna , spring, stream, from Germanic *brunn ½n-. 2. Suffixed form *bhr ¶w-—. PHREATIC , from Greek phrear , spring. [ Pokorny bh(e)reu- 143, 2. bher- 132. ]

calm ( käm) adj. calm·er calm·est 1. Nearly or completely motionless; undisturbed: the calm surface of the lake. 2. Not excited or agitated; composed: The President was calm throughout the global crisis. n. 1. An absence or cessation of motion; stillness. 2. Serenity; tranquillity; peace. 3. A condition of no wind or a wind with a speed of less than 1 mile (2 kilometers) per hour, according to the Beaufort scale. v. tr. intr. calmed calm·ing calms 1. To make or become calm or quiet: A warm bath will calm you. After the storm, the air calmed. [Middle English calme from Old French from Old Italian calmo from Late Latin cauma heat of the day, resting place in the heat of the day from Greek kauma burning heat from kaiein to burn N., from Middle English calme from Italian calma from Vulgar Latin *calma from Late Latin] calm "ly adv. calm "ness n.

Synonyms: calm tranquil placid serene halcyon peaceful These adjectives denote absence of excitement or disturbance. Calm implies freedom from emotional agitation: calm acceptance of the inevitable. Tranquil suggests a more enduring calm: hoped for a more tranquil life in the country. Placid suggests a pleasant, often phlegmatic calm: " Not everyone shared his placid temperament. Several cursed the delays " (Samuel G. Freedman). Serene denotes a lofty, even spiritual repose: remained serene in the midst of turbulence. Halcyon suggests happy tranquillity: halcyon days of youth. Peaceful implies undisturbed serenity: " I am . . . peaceful as old age tonight " (Robert Browning).

farm ( färm) n. 1. A tract of land cultivated for the purpose of agricultural production. 2. a. A tract of land devoted to the raising and breeding of domestic animals. b. An area of water devoted to the raising, breeding, or production of a specific aquatic animal: a trout farm; an oyster farm. 3. An area of land devoted to the storage of a commodity or the emplacement of a group of devices: a tank farm; an antenna farm. 4. Baseball A minor-league club affiliated with a major-league club for the training of recruits and the maintenance of temporarily unneeded players. 5. Obsolete a. The system of leasing out the rights of collecting and retaining taxes in a certain district. b. A district so leased. n. attributive. 1. Often used to modify another noun: farm machinery; farm buildings; farm policy. v. farmed farm·ing farms v. tr. 1. To cultivate or produce a crop on. 2. To pay a fixed sum in order to have the right to collect and retain profits from (a business, for example). 3. To turn over (a business, for example) to another in return for the payment of a fixed sum. v. intr. 1. To engage in farming.

Phrasal Verbs: farm out 1. To send (work, for example) from a central point to be done elsewhere. 2. Baseball To assign (a player) to a minor-league team. [Middle English lease, leased property from Old French ferme from Medieval Latin firma fixed payment from Latin firm³re to establish from firmus firm; See dher- in Indo-European Roots.]

dher- . Important derivatives are: farm firm 1 confirm throne To hold firmly, support. I. 1. Suffixed form *dher-mo- . FARM , FERMATA , FIRM 1 , FIRM 2 , ( FIRMAMENT ); AFFIRM , CONFIRM , INFIRM , ( INFIRMARY ), from Latin firmus , firm, strong. 2. Perhaps extended form *dhergh- . (see bhergh- 2 ) Latin fortis , strong (but this is also possibly from bhergh- 2 ). 3. Suffixed zero-grade form *dhr-ono- . THRONE , from Greek thronos , seat, throne ( < " support"). 4. Suffixed form *dher-m ö. DHARMA , from Sanskrit dharma , statute, law ( < " that which is established firmly "). 5. Suffixed form *dher-eno- . DHARNA , from Prakrit dhara ña, a holding firm. 6. Suffixed o-grade form *dhor-o- . SIRDAR , TAHSILDAR , ZAMINDAR , from Iranian d ³ra-, holding, whence Persian -d ³r.[ Pokorny 2. dher- 252. ]

gaum ( gôm) v. tr. gaumed gaum·ing gaums Upper Southern U.S. 1. To smudge or smear. [Perhaps alteration of obsolete gome grease variant of coom soot, mixture of dirt and axle grease variant of culm 2 ]

halm ( hôm) n. 1. Variant of haulm .

harm ( härm) n. 1. Physical or psychological injury or damage. 2. Wrong; evil. v. tr. harmed harm·ing harms 1. To do harm to. See note at injure . [Middle English from Old English hearm]

maim ( m³m) v. tr. maimed maim·ing maims 1. To disable or disfigure, usually by depriving of the use of a limb or other part of the body. See note at batter 1 . 2. To make imperfect or defective; impair. [Middle English maimen from Old French mahaignier probably of Germanic origin] maim "er n.

palm 1 ( päm) n. 1. a. The inner surface of the hand that extends from the wrist to the base of the fingers. b. The similar part of the forefoot of a quadruped. 2. A unit of length equal to either the width or the length of the hand. 3. The part of a glove or mitten that covers the palm of the hand. 4. Nautical A metal shield worn by sailmakers over the palm of the hand and used to force a needle through heavy canvas. 5. Nautical The blade of an oar or paddle. 6. The flattened part of the antlers of certain animals, such as the moose. v. tr. palmed palm·ing palms 1. To conceal (something) in the palm of the hand, as in cheating at dice or cards or in a sleight-of-hand trick. 2. To pick up furtively. 3. Basketball To commit a violation by letting (the ball) rest momentarily in the palm of the hand while dribbling.

Phrasal Verbs: palm off 1. To dispose of or pass off by deception. [Middle English paume from Old French from Latin palma palm tree, palm of the hand; See pel …- 2 in Indo-European Roots.] palm "ful" n.

palm 2 ( päm) n. 1. Any of various chiefly tropical evergreen trees, shrubs, or woody vines of the family Palmae (or Arecaceae), characteristically having unbranched trunks with a crown of large pinnate or palmate leaves having conspicuous parallel venation. 2. A leaf of a palm tree, carried as an emblem of victory, success, or joy. 3. Triumph; victory. 4. A small metallic representation of a palm leaf added to a military decoration that has been awarded more than one time. [Middle English from Old English and from Old French palme both from Latin palma palm of the hand, palm tree (from the shape of the tree's leaves); See pel …- 2 in Indo-European Roots.]

pel …- 2 . Important derivatives are: field floor plain plane 1 plane 2 explain palm 1 palm 2 planet plasma plaster plastic polka Flat; to spread. I. Variant *pl ³-, contracted from *pla …-. 1. Suffixed form *pel( …)-tu-. FIELD , from Old English feld , open field, from Germanic *felthuz , flat land. 2. Suffixed form *pel( …)-t-es- (by-form of *pel( …)-tu-). a. FELDSPAR , from Old High German feld , field; b. VELDT , from Middle Dutch veld , velt , field. Both a and b from Germanic *feltha- , flat land. 3. Variant form *pl ³-. a. suffixed form *pl ³-ru-. FLOOR , from Old English fl ½r, floor, from Germanic *fl ½ruz, floor; b. suffixed form *pl ³-no-. LLANO , PIANO 2 , PLAIN , PLANARIAN , PLANE 1 , PLANE 2 , PLANE 3 , PLANISH , PLANO- , PLANULA ; EXPLAIN , ( PIANOFORTE ), from Latin pl ³nus, flat, level, even, plain, clear. 4. Suffixed zero-grade form *p §…-m³. PALM 1 , PALM 2 , from Latin palma ( < *palama ), palm of the hand. 5. Possibly extended variant form *plan- . a. PLANET ; APLANATIC , from Greek planasthai , to wander ( < " to spread out "); b. FLâNEUR , from French flâner , to walk the streets idly, from a Germanic source akin to Old Norse flana , to wander aimlessly, from Germanic *flan- , possibly from pel …- 2 . 6. Suffixed zero-grade form *pl …-dh-. -PLASIA , PLASMA , -PLAST , PLASTER , PLASTIC , ( PLASTID ), -PLASTY ; ( DYSPLASIA ), METAPLASM , ( TOXOPLASMA ), from Greek plassein ( < *plath-yein ), to mold, " spread out. " 7. O-grade form *pol …-. a. POLYNYA , from Russian poly ¹, open; b. POLACK , POLKA , from Slavic polje , broad flat land, field. [ Pokorny pel …- 805. ]See also extensions pl ³k- 1 plat-

warm ( wôrm) adj. warm·er warm·est 1. Somewhat hotter than temperate; having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat; moderately hot: a warm climate. 2. Having the natural heat of living beings: a warm body. 3. Preserving or imparting heat: a warm overcoat. 4. Having or causing a sensation of unusually high body heat, as from exercise or hard work; overheated. 5. Marked by enthusiasm; ardent: warm support. 6. Characterized by liveliness, excitement, or disagreement; heated: a warm debate. 7. Marked by or revealing friendliness or sincerity; cordial: warm greetings. 8. Loving; passionate: a warm embrace. 9. Excitable, impetuous, or quick to be aroused: a warm temper. 10. Color Predominantly red or yellow in tone: a warm sunset. 11. Recently made; fresh: a warm trail. 12. Close to discovering, guessing, or finding something, as in certain games. 13. Informal Uncomfortable because of danger or annoyance: Things are warm for the bookies. v. warmed warm·ing warms v. tr. 1. To raise slightly in temperature; make warm: warmed the rolls a bit more; warm up the house. 2. To make zealous or ardent; enliven. 3. To fill with pleasant emotions: We were warmed by the sight of home. v. intr. 1. To become warm: The rolls are warming in the oven. 2. To become ardent, enthusiastic, or animated: began to warm to the subject. 3. To become kindly disposed or friendly: She felt the audience warming to her. n. Informal 1. A warming or heating.

Phrasal Verbs: warm up 1. Sports To prepare for an athletic event by exercising, stretching, or practicing for a short time beforehand. 2. To make or become ready for an event or operation. 3. To make more enthusiastic, excited, or animated. 4. To approach a state of confrontation or violence. [Middle English from Old English wearm] warm "er n. warm "ish adj. warm "ly adv. warm "ness n.